Not easy, is it?

As teachers we often say, “give me your opinion” in order to hear our students speak. We really don’t care one way or another about their actual opinions. We just want them to produce language so that we can give feedback and help them discover new vocabulary and grammar. However, giving opinions is a big deal, especially to people who might not be used to doing it in their first language, let alone their second. When you ask for an opinion, you might be asking students to share their private thoughts, their weaknesses, and even their lack of knowledge of a particular subject. This kind of activity doesn’t lower the affective filter. It does the opposite. It makes students feel nervous and perhaps ashamed. Yet, giving opinions is an important skill for living and working in English-speaking countries, so we need to do something to help our students learn how to speak their mind.

Here are a few opinion-generating activities that will help lower the stress of giving opinions in class. These activities can be done in one-on-one lessons or large classes.

Become an Actor

This is a fun activity for students who don’t have a strong opinion on the topic that you’re discussing or who are too shy to give their opinions about controversial topics. After you introduce the topic that will be discussed, students choose a picture of a random person or a celebrity. (Get photos from magazines, newspapers or the Web.) Have students make up some background information about the person and then introduce themselves. Finally, ask them to give their opinions about the topic while in character.

Take Both Sides

This activity will allow students to have conflicting opinions about a complex story. (This is closer to reality, after all.) After reading (and discussing) an online news story together, ask students to read the reader comments below the story. Ask them to categorize the comments into two types: ‘agrees with author’ and ‘disagrees with author.’ Next, tell students to choose a comment from both sides that they agree (or partially agree) with. Have them present both sides to the class or a small group and explain why they think both sides are correct.

Devil’s Advocate

Use the same activity above, but instead of asking the students to support the opinions on both sides of the issue, ask them to take the opposite side that they would naturally take. You can turn this into a debate, and then have them change sides midway through the debate.

Research and Share

Why not let students prepare their opinions ahead of time? Most people don’t feel comfortable giving an opinion if they haven’t had time to think about all the angles. After discussing an article in class, give students a homework assignment to research what other people have to say about the story. You might have them prepare a short statement, a speech, an essay, or a tweet about what they believe.

Here are a few links to stories that could be used with these activities:

J. Crew’s Pink Toenail Controversy

E-Books Killing Paper Books

There are many ways to get students to share opinions in class, but we thought we’d share a few that have worked for us. We’d love to hear your ideas.

Ovient Social Night in Mountain View

When you attend a lecture, conference, or trade show, do you feel comfortable starting conversations with the strangers around you? It’s not an easy thing to do, even for native speakers. (See Michael Arrington’s TechCrunch post about how to interact at events.) Talking to people is an important business skill because meeting new people and making connections helps grow your personal network, which eventually gives you more opportunities to grow your business.

The four examples I share below are four REAL conversation openers from the last networking event I attended. I started conversations using the examples shown in #1 & #4, and other people used #2 & #3 to start talking to me. The conversations weren’t long, but they were meaningful, and we exchanged business cards at the end with the hopes of a continued relationship.

1) ASK TO SHARE A TABLE

Walk up to someone sitting at a table and ask if you can sit next to her. This works every time–unless the seat is being saved, but if that’s the case, just find another table.

2) ASK IF IT’S HIS FIRST TIME AT THIS EVENT

When you’re standing near someone and he isn’t talking to anyone, ask him if he’s ever been to this kind of event, if he’s ever heard this speaker, or if he’s ever been to this event space.

3) ASK IF SHE IS A MEMBER OF THE ORGANIZATION

If you find out that you are both members of the organization, you will have found something that you have in common. You can talk about past events. If the person you are talking to is a member and you are not, you can ask about the benefits of being a member.

4) COMMENT ON THE FOOD OR DRINKS

Walk up to someone near the food or drink line and make a comment. When I was recently at an evening event, and I said to the person standing in line, “I don’t think I should drink coffee at 9 PM.” He replied, “It’s good coffee. You should try the decaf.” This small talk led us into an interesting conversation about books and authors.

These conversations I had were not business exchanges, but networking isn’t always about making a sale. Networking is about meeting people, being helpful and making connections. Don’t be shy, and just remember that everyone is just as scared as you to start up a new conversation!

Here are my observations of why classroom discussions fail and what you can do about it.

20 reasons why classroom discussions fail:

1. Instructor talks too much.
2. Instructor interrupts discussion with error feedback.
3. Instructor stands up in front while the learners sit.
4. Classroom seats aren’t set up to be conducive to a discussion.
5. No transition from an instructor-led class to a learner-led discussion.
6. Learners are not given enough time to answer questions.
7. Learners are embarrassed by their language ability.
8. Learners are afraid their comments aren’t intelligent.
9. Learners don’t want to offend others with their own opinions.
10. Topic is too broad.
11. Topic is embarrassing or too personal.
12. Topic is not timely or relevant to learners’ lives.
13. Learners have never thought about this topic before and therefore have never formed opinions on it.
14. There is nothing to engage visual learners.
15. Learners don’t know how to use the ‘language’ of discussions.
16. Discussion has no ‘ground rules.’
17. Learners stop paying attention halfway through the discussion.
18. Learners don’t ask questions of each other.
19. Learners can’t hear or understand each other.
20. Learners don’t see how the discussion fits into the lesson.

20 ways instructors can improve classroom discussions:

1. Limit your talking. (Record a discussion to get an idea of how much you talk!)
2. Tell the learners that you will not be analyzing their language for errors, so they can speak without worrying about being graded.
3. Sit among the learners and be a participant.
4. If possible, move the seats so learners can see each other.
5. Assign a ‘discussion leader’ who starts and finishes the discussion so there is a clear distinction between the instructor-led class and the learner-led discussion.
6. When a question is posed, wait at least 5 seconds before trying to encourage learners to talk or making a comment yourself. They need time to think!
7. Don’t interrupt with error correction. (See #2.)
8. Encourage learners to give positive feedback to one another. That was an interesting comment. I’ve never thought of that before.
9. Encourage learners to use language that respects the opinions of others while stating their own.  I feel differently because…. While I don’t agree with you, I think that’s an interesting perspective. You made a good point, but….
10. Focus the topic on an idea that can be discussed in the time limit you have set. Discuss “Your use of social media to connect with friends” rather than “The Internet.”
11. Consider the different cultures and backgrounds of learners. If you’re not sure if the topic is too sensitive, then wait until you know your learners better.
12. Choose something that they know and understand. Don’t ask learners in Japan to talk about the NFL Superbowl.
13. Remember that learners may have never thought deeply about this topic before. Give them time to think and form opinions. Perhaps have them brainstorm vocabulary or do some freewriting beforehand. (See #6.)
14. Engage the learners by showing them a video or picture to stimulate discussion.
15. Teach learners language to help them participate in discussions. (Opinion language, language for making connections to what people have said.)
16. Give learners rules.  Everyone must talk at least once. You must comment on statements made by at least two other participants. Don’t look at the instructor when you talk; look at someone in the class.) There also may be some cultural differences in how people have conversations. Discuss the ‘rules’ of talking in a group in your culture vs. their culture(s).
17. Tell learners to take notes during the discussion. Have them summarize the discussion as a writing assignment.
18. Make learners responsible for asking a certain number of questions.
19. Break learners into smaller groups. Do a jigsaw discussion.
20. State the objective of the discussion beforehand. Tell them why they are having a discussion, even if it is to simply practice having a discussion.

Of course, every classroom is different. Learners bring different styles and abilities to the class, and depending on the culture(s) represented, you may have to alter your own definition of what a discussion is. To conclude, I recommend that you do your own classroom research and find out what works for your learners. Discuss with them (if possible) what your expectations are and how they feel. This might turn into a great discussion!

Comments welcome!

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